Vows

Native promises are not compatible with Agoric's durable stores, which means that on the Agoric platform, such promises disconnect their clients when their creator vat is upgraded. Vows are objects that represent promises that can be stored durably, this package also provides a when operator to allow clients to tolerate upgrades of vow-hosting vats, as well as a watch operator to subscribe to a vow in a way that survives upgrades of both the creator and subscribing client vats.

Vow Consumer

If your vat is a consumer of promises that are unexpectedly fulfilling to a Vow (something like):

import { E } from '@endo/far';

const a = await w1;
const b = await E(w2).something(...args);
console.log('Here they are:', { a, b });
Copy

Produces output like:

Here they are: {
  a: Object [Vow] {
    payload: { vowV0: Object [Alleged: VowInternalsKit vowV0] {} }
  },
  b: Object [Vow] {
    payload: { vowV0: Object [Alleged: VowInternalsKit vowV0] {} }
  }
}
Copy

On Agoric, you can use V exported from @agoric/vow/vat.js, which converts a chain of promises and vows to a promise for its final fulfilment, by unwrapping any intermediate vows:

import { V as E } from '@agoric/vow/vat.js';
[...]
const a = await E.when(w1);
const b = await E(w2).something(...args);
// Produces the expected results.
Copy

Vow Producer

On Agoric, use the following to create and resolve a vow:

// CAVEAT: `V` uses internal ephemeral promises, so while it is convenient,
// it cannot be used by upgradable vats.  See "Durability" below:
import { V as E, makeVowKit } from '@agoric/vow/vat.js';
[...]
const { resolver, vow } = makeVowKit();
// Send vow to a potentially different vat.
E(outsideReference).performSomeMethod(vow);
// some time later...
resolver.resolve('now you know the answer');
Copy

Durability

The @agoric/vow/vat.js module allows vows to integrate Agoric's vat upgrade mechanism. To create vow tools that deal with durable objects:

// NOTE: Cannot use `V` as it has non-durable internal state when unwrapping
// vows.  Instead, use the default vow-exposing `E` with the `watch`
// operator.
import { E } from '@endo/far';
import { prepareVowTools } from '@agoric/vow/vat.js';
import { makeDurableZone } from '@agoric/zone';

// Only do the following once at the start of a new vat incarnation:
const zone = makeDurableZone(baggage);
const vowZone = zone.subZone('VowTools');
const { watch, makeVowKit } = prepareVowTools(vowZone);

// Now the functions have been bound to the durable baggage.
// Vows and resolvers you create can be saved in durable stores.
Copy

Internals

The current "version 0" vow internals expose a shorten() method, returning a promise for the next resolution. watch and when use shorten() to advance through the vow chain step-by-step, tolerating disconnects by retrying a failed step, rather than just making one giant leap to the end of a promise chain with .then(...).

Here is an (oversimplified) algorithm that watch and when use to obtain a final result:

// Directly await the non-retriable original specimen.
// This is non-retriable because we don't know how our caller obtained
// it in the first place, since it is an application-specific detail
// that may not be side-effect free.
let result = await specimenP;
let vowInternals = getVowInternals(result);
// Loop until the result is no longer a vow.
while (vowInternals) {
  try {
    const shortened = await E(internals.vowV0).shorten();
    const nextInternals = getVowInternals(shortened);
    // Atomically update the state.
    result = shortened;
    vowInternals = nextInternals;
  } catch (e) {
    if (!isDisconnectionReason(e)) {
      // Not a disconnect, so abort.
      throw e;
    }
    // It was a disconnect, so try again with the same state.
  }
}
return result;
Copy